Functional Proteins Involved in Regulation of Intracellular Ca2+ for Drug Development: Pharmacology of SEA0400, a Specific Inhibitor of the Na+-Ca2+ Exchanger

Abstract

The Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) is involved in regulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration. A specific inhibitor of NCX has been required for clarification of the physiological and pathological roles of NCX. We have developed 2-[4-[(2,5-difluorophenyl)methoxy] phenoxy]-5-ethoxyaniline (SEA0400), a highly potent and selective inhibitor of NCX. SEA0400 in the concentration range that inhibits NCX exhibits negligible affinities for the Ca2+ channels, Na+ channels, K+ channels, noradrenaline transporter, and 14 receptors; and it does not affect the activities of the store-operated Ca2+ channel, Na+-H+ exchanger, and several enzymes including Na+,K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase. Furthermore, recent studies show that SEA0400 attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury in the brain, heart, and kidney and radiofrequency lesion-induced edema in rat brain. These findings suggest that NCX plays a key role in ischemia-reperfusion injury and may be a target molecule for treatment of reperfusion injury-related diseases. Keywords:: Na+-Ca2+ exchanger, SEA0400, edema, ischemia/reperfusion injury, apoptosis