Structural and Phylogenetic Analysis of <i>CXCR4</i> Protein Reveals New Insights into Its Role in Emerging and Re-Emerging Diseases in Mammals
Fouzia Naheed,
Rabia Mumtaz,
Sana Shabbir,
Arshad Jamil,
Akhtar Rasool Asif,
Abdur Rahman,
Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad,
Muhammad Essa,
Hammad Akhtar,
Samy F. Mahmoud,
Fatimah Othman Alghamdi,
Hala Abdulrahman Al Amari,
Jinping Chen
Affiliations
Fouzia Naheed
Rural Health Centre Khayaban e Sir Syed, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
Rabia Mumtaz
Basic Health Unit 6/1_L Renala Khurd District Okara, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
Sana Shabbir
Government City Dispensary Hajveri Town, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
Arshad Jamil
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Dera Ismail Khan 29111, Pakistan
Akhtar Rasool Asif
Department of Animal Sciences, Sub-Campus, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 35200, Pakistan
Abdur Rahman
Department of Animal Sciences, Sub-Campus, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 35200, Pakistan
Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad
Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
Muhammad Essa
Department of Gynecology, King Edward Medical University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
Fatimah Othman Alghamdi
Bioengineering Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
Hala Abdulrahman Al Amari
Bioengineering Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
Jinping Chen
Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China
Chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is a G protein-coupled receptor that plays an essential role in immune system function and disease processes. Our study aims to conduct a comparative structural and phylogenetic analysis of the CXCR4 protein to gain insights into its role in emerging and re-emerging diseases that impact the health of mammals. In this study, we analyzed the evolution of CXCR4 genes across a wide range of mammalian species. The phylogenetic study showed species-specific evolutionary patterns. Our analysis revealed novel insights into the evolutionary history of CXCR4, including genetic changes that may have led to functional differences in the protein. This study revealed that the structural homologous human proteins and mammalian CXCR4 shared many characteristics. We also examined the three-dimensional structure of CXCR4 and its interactions with other molecules in the cell. Our findings provide new insights into the genomic landscape of CXCR4 in the context of emerging and re-emerging diseases, which could inform the development of more effective treatments or prevention strategies. Overall, our study sheds light on the vital role of CXCR4 in mammalian health and disease, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for various diseases impacting human and animal health. These findings provided insight into the study of human immunological disorders by indicating that Chemokines may have activities identical to or similar to those in humans and several mammalian species.
