Unexpected Emission of H₂S in an Excavation

Abstract

This article reports on the emission of H2S (hydrogen sulfide) during the excavation of disturbed material covering a former ocean shoreline. Operators of the excavators expressed concerns about the strong odors of H2S, the insensitivity of workplace instruments, and the safety of the work. This situation demanded an immediate and appropriate response. The literature contains no information concerning worker exposure to H2S in these situations. Levels detected by the Jerome 631-X ranged from 1 ppb (part per billion) to 25 ppb in 1-min samples during various activities. Levels decreased to zero when activity ceased. Unpredicted excursions peaking at 2500 ppb superimposed onto background levels immediately followed exposure to material containing H2S. Excursion levels rose abruptly, peaked, and decreased rapidly to the background. Excursions occurred once per day and lasted about 10 min. These emissions share characteristics of shear-thinning, pseudoplastic non-Newtonian fluids. A very conservative estimation of exposure during this work compared to the Threshold Limit Value-Time-Weighted Average of 1 part per million (ppm = 1000 ppb) suggested that this was considerably less than the lowest level of regulatory concern and that work under these conditions can proceed without overexposure to H2S. This work has relevance and application in similar situations occurring globally.

Keywords

• disturbed soil
• excavation
• H₂S (hydrogen sulfide)
• Jerome 631-X H₂S monitor
• non-Newtonian fluid
• soil contamination