Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus infection and associated factors among female sex workers using respondent-driven sampling in Hawassa City, Southern Ethiopia

Abstract

Abstract Background Female sex workers (FSWs) are a marginalized group notoriously having limited healthcare access and poor-quality care. Inevitably, they are vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections including hepatitis B virus. However; Hepatitis B virus infection is one of the most serious infections and major public health problem considered to be at soaring risk for transmission and acquisition of the infection. Hence, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of HBV infections among FSWs in southern Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from November to February 2019 at Hawassa city in ISHDO confidential clinic among 383 FSWs. Respondent-driven consecutive sampling was used to select study participants using a standardized questionnaire. Blood sample was collected and viral surface antigen was detected using ELISA from separated serum. Data were entered to SPSS version 21.0. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were used. Result The overall prevalence of FSWs who were tested for HBV using ELISA was 35(9.2%) (95% CI: 6.3–12.1). Among 381 FSWs 249(65.4%) were stayed for 2–5 years in sexual work and 240(63%) of them were used condom consistently during sexual practice. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, FSWs who didn’t use condom were six and two times more risk full to acquire HBV than those who used condom commonly (AOR = 6.38, CI 2.04–18.51) and condom breakage (AOR = 2.10, CI 1.95–4.65), during sexual practice respectively. Similarly, use of stimulants (AOR = 3.25, CI 1.59–18.63), previous history of STI (AOR = 2.15, CI 1.02–6.93), genital ulcer (AOR = 4.64, CI 1.31–11.35), number of sexual partners (AOR = 3.25, CI 1.59–7.47), sex during menses (AOR = 5.85, CI (1.29–21.44), sexual assault (AOR = 2.93, CI 1.23–9.01), sharp material sharing, (AOR = 4.98, CI 1.34–10.95) and history of abortion, (AOR = 2.46, CI 1.18, 12.19), were statistically associated with HBV infection. Factors such as age, residence, and alcohol consumption were not associated with HBV infection. Conclusion The prevalence of HBV infection in this study was relatively high compared to the general population. Factors like sociodemographic, behavioral, and previous history-related information were associated with HBV infection shows the need for ongoing screening of high-risk population to inform planning for vaccination and preventive measures.

Keywords

• Hepatitis B virus
• Female sex workers
• Hawassa
• Ethiopia