The Effect of Manufacture Process on Mechanical Properties and Burning Behavior of Epoxy-Based Hybrid Composites
Kamila Sałasińska,
Peteris Cabulis,
Mikelis Kirpluks,
Andrejs Kovalovs,
Paweł Kozikowski,
Mateusz Barczewski,
Maciej Celiński,
Kamila Mizera,
Marta Gałecka,
Eduard Skukis,
Kaspars Kalnins,
Ugis Cabulis,
Anna Boczkowska
Affiliations
Kamila Sałasińska
Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
Peteris Cabulis
Institute of Materials and Structures, Riga Technical University, 6b Kipsalas St., 1048 Riga, Latvia
Mikelis Kirpluks
Polymer Laboratory, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, 27 Dzerbenes St., 1006 Riga, Latvia
Andrejs Kovalovs
Institute of Materials and Structures, Riga Technical University, 6b Kipsalas St., 1048 Riga, Latvia
Paweł Kozikowski
Department of Chemical, Biological and Aerosol Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection—National Research Institute, Czerniakowsa 16, 00-701 Warsaw, Poland
Mateusz Barczewski
Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznan, Poland
Maciej Celiński
Department of Chemical, Biological and Aerosol Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection—National Research Institute, Czerniakowsa 16, 00-701 Warsaw, Poland
Kamila Mizera
Department of Chemical, Biological and Aerosol Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection—National Research Institute, Czerniakowsa 16, 00-701 Warsaw, Poland
Marta Gałecka
Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
Eduard Skukis
Institute of Materials and Structures, Riga Technical University, 6b Kipsalas St., 1048 Riga, Latvia
Kaspars Kalnins
Institute of Materials and Structures, Riga Technical University, 6b Kipsalas St., 1048 Riga, Latvia
Ugis Cabulis
Polymer Laboratory, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, 27 Dzerbenes St., 1006 Riga, Latvia
Anna Boczkowska
Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
The production of hybrid layered composites allows comprehensive modification of their properties and adaptation to the final expectations. Different methods, such as hand lay-up, vacuum bagging, and resin infusion were applied to manufacture the hybrid composites. In turn, fabrics used for manufacturing composites were made of glass (G), aramid (A), carbon (C), basalt (B), and flax (F) fibers. Flexural, puncture impact behavior, and cone calorimetry tests were applied to establish the effect of the manufacturing method and the fabrics layout on the mechanical and fire behavior of epoxy-based laminates. The lowest flammability and smoke emission were noted for composites made by vacuum bagging (approximately 40% lower values of total smoke release compared with composites made by the hand lay-up method). It was demonstrated that multi-layer hybrid composites made by vacuum bagging might enhance the fire safety levels and simultaneously maintain high mechanical properties designed for, e.g., the railway and automotive industries.
