THE URINARY LITHIASIS – A CHALLENGE OF CONTEMPORARY Medicine, under the sign of scientific achievements

Abstract

The efficacy of various diagnostic imaging methods in determining the morphofunctional features of the affected kidney, the characteristics of kidney stones and its complications, as well as the sensitivity and specificity of conventional imaging methods (ultrasonography, simple KUB radiography, intravenous urography), functional (isotopic renography and dynamic renal scintigraphy) and complex (computed tomography and densitometric tomography associated with infrared spectroscopy) were assessed. Comparison of imaging data with the results of macroscopic evaluation of affected kidneys by stones during surgery allowed to specify the diagnostic contribution of each method with determining its influence on the selection of any applied treatment method. The article assesses an analysis of the main aspects related to diagnosis, the selection criteria for medical-surgical treatment, but especially the surgical techniques, selected from case to case, individualized with the introduction and implementation of numerous diagnostic procedures, treatments, prophylaxis, and metaphylaxis, during the years 2010–2021. The current study of kidney stone disease is complex scientific research, with a multilateral character, which is determined by the multitude of the examined aspects.

Keywords

• complicated renal lithiasis
• risk factors
• imaging
• treatment
• litotripsy
• open and laparoscopic (nephro)pyelo-lithotomy
• percutaneous nephrolithotomy
• chronic pyelonephritis
• immunopathy
• oxidative stress and antioxidant system
• recurrence prevention.