Актуальні питання суспільних наук та історії медицини (Jun 2016)
«ПОВСТАНСЬКІ ДАНТИСТИ»: ЛІКУВАННЯ ЗУБІВ В ПІДПІЛЛІ ОУН ТА УПА / ‘INSURGENT DENTISTS’: TEETH MEDICAL TREATMENT IN OUN AND UIA UNDERGROUND
Abstract
Y. Antoniyk. ‘INSURGENT DENTISTS’: TEETH MEDICAL TREATMENT IN OUN AND UIA UNDERGROUND. The article analyses dentistry development in the underground of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army. It is proved that personal hygiene maintenance had a significant role for them. In particular, the teeth care as one of its parts. It is established that the underground organizations strived by all means to provide themselves with toothbrushes and toothpowder. The above mentioned measures and also the youth of insurgents to some extend alleviated their dental problems. Nevertheless, in case the dental diseases or mouth cavity infections appeared the problem rose particularly acute. They attempted to cure the inflammation by herbal decoctions and to grow the toothache calm by dental drops. The underground got most part of medicine legally owing to their sympathisers. The other part they tried to produce by themselves at the insurgent workshops. Despite that, there was constant lack of medicine. It was even more difficult issue for insurgents to see a doctor. Considering the necessity of strict conspiracy they had to stomach excruciating pain for a long time and expect for golden opportunity of the medical cure. Therefore, starting from the summer of 1943 the military dentists began to function at ‘The Medical Service’ of the UIA underground. They constantly moved from one UIA cell to the other. Their task was to conduct a medical check-up of riflemen and also dental care of the underground cells in an accountable territory. The bad teeth were not filled but only extracted at those times. The insurgent dentists were assumed as very valuable specialists for the underground. There was a sorely deficiency of such specialists even with taking into consideration the fact that they were diligently calculated and mobilized. That was a reason why the dentists were recruited from Jewish doctors, who tried to save themselves from Nazis. The dental prosthesis was an exclusive possibility of the underground leaders of the OUN and UIA and their closest companions – assistants, typists, security guards etc. The most frequent material for making tooth crowns and dental prostheses they used Russian golden coins in value of 5 karbovanets. In most cases dental mechanics had any idea that they worked for the underground organization. The mentioned above clients introduced themselves by fictional names in order not to arise any suspects. Only in special cases the dentists, who worked confidentially in their specialty, were involved into the underground activity. At the same time, the underground dentists were used not only for dental cure but also for solving many other tasks. They took part into the maintaining of the connection lines, leading propaganda, medical courses, making some sabotage acts and terrorist attacks. Many of the underground dentists died in the clashes with the enemy or were captured and get considerable terms of imprisonments. Key words: the Ukrainian nationalistic underground, personal hygiene, insurgent dentists, prosthesis. Антонюк Я.Н. «Повстанческие дантисты»: лечение зубов в подполье ОУН и УПА. В статье проанализировано развитие стоматологии в подполье Организации Украинских Националистов и Украинской Повстанческой Армии. Доказано, что значительную роль в них отводилась обеспечению личной гигиены. Была налажена работа военных дантистов при повстанческих подразделениях. Выяснено, что они двигались подотчетной территории от одного «санитарного пункта» к другому. Удаляли повстанцам больные зубы и проводили медицинские осмотры. Протезирование зубов было прерогативой руководства украинского националистического подполья и его окружения. Указанные операции пытались проводить легальным путем. Ключевые слова: украинское националистическое подполье, личная гигиена, повстанческие дантисты, протезирование.
