Biomedicines
(Jun 2022)
Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: The Future of Immunotherapy and Natural Products
Christopher Hino,
Bryan Pham,
Daniel Park,
Chieh Yang,
Michael H.K. Nguyen,
Simmer Kaur,
Mark E. Reeves,
Yi Xu,
Kevin Nishino,
Lu Pu,
Sue Min Kwon,
Jiang F. Zhong,
Ke K. Zhang,
Linglin Xie,
Esther G. Chong,
Chien-Shing Chen,
Vinh Nguyen,
Dan Ran Castillo,
Huynh Cao
Affiliations
Christopher Hino
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
Bryan Pham
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
Daniel Park
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco–Fresno, Fresno, CA 93701, USA
Chieh Yang
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
Michael H.K. Nguyen
Department of Oncology/Hematology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
Simmer Kaur
Department of Oncology/Hematology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
Mark E. Reeves
Department of Oncology/Hematology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
Yi Xu
Department of Oncology/Hematology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
Kevin Nishino
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
Lu Pu
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
Sue Min Kwon
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
Jiang F. Zhong
Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
Ke K. Zhang
Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77030, USA
Linglin Xie
Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77030, USA
Esther G. Chong
Department of Oncology/Hematology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
Chien-Shing Chen
Department of Oncology/Hematology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
Vinh Nguyen
Department of Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
Dan Ran Castillo
Department of Oncology/Hematology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
Huynh Cao
Department of Oncology/Hematology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10061410
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 10,
no. 6
Abstract
Read online
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an essential role in the development, proliferation, and survival of leukemic blasts in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Within the bone marrow and peripheral blood, various phenotypically and functionally altered cells in the TME provide critical signals to suppress the anti-tumor immune response, allowing tumor cells to evade elimination. Thus, unraveling the complex interplay between AML and its microenvironment may have important clinical implications and are essential to directing the development of novel targeted therapies. This review summarizes recent advancements in our understanding of the AML TME and its ramifications on current immunotherapeutic strategies. We further review the role of natural products in modulating the TME to enhance response to immunotherapy.
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