Зерновое хозяйство России (Mar 2019)
The promising variety-samples of bastard saffron (Carthamus Tinctorius l.) In the Saratov region
Abstract
The article presents the results of a long-term study of the bastard saffron variety samples (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in the FSBSI RRPtISM “Rossorgo”. In the Saratov region there are significant microzones with extremely dry conditions, but suitable for the cultivation of bastard saffron. The range of varieties is of great importance to improve the crop yields and quality. The research conducted at the institute, allowed forming a valuable source material for the bastard saffron breeding using traditional cultivation technology. The study included varieties of domestic breeding (“Ershovsky 4”, “Kamyshinsky 73”, “GAS 2014”, “Borets”, “Totem”), as well as lines selected from the variety samples of bastard saffron obtained from the VIR collection (“L-25”, “L-26”, “L-27”, “L-28”, “L-29”, “L-30”, “L-31”). The advantage of the varieties described in the work is the fact that when conducting state testings, as well as in the production recommendations for newly developed varieties, financially costly changes in the cultivation technology are not proposed. The variation of structure elements identified in the experiment, is determined by the interaction of “genotype-environment”. The experiment established that the variation amplitude of the mean values of morphological traits for the period 2013-2016 is significantly lower than the total range of variability in the experiment, and it is caused by gene expression that are normal in the reaction of the saffron variety samples. The biochemical composition of the seeds varied within the following limits: 15.13-20.38% of protein, 30.36-38.40% of oil, 11.63-31.98% of fiber, 3.02-4.01% of ash, 20.40-34.08% of BEV. The high oil percentage in the saffron seeds (“Borets”, “L-27”, “GAS 2014”, “L-30”) indicates the prospects to include variety samples in the breeding process. In the description of the bastard saffron varieties developed by the FSBSI RRPtISM “Rossorgo” (“Borets”, “GAS 2014”, “Khameleon”), there are the parameters of the most important economically valuable traits, as well as some agrotechnical instructions that must be followed in the cultivation in the Nizhne-Volga region.
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