Gold nanoparticle/nickel oxide/poly(pyrrole-N-propionic acid) hybrid multilayer film: Electrochemical study and its application in biosensing

Abstract

The present study describes the fabrication of Indium Tin Oxide /gold nanoparticles/nickel oxide/poly(Pyrrole-N-propionic acid) (ITO/GNPs/NiO/poly(PPA)) multilayered film, and its modification with Tyrosinase (Ty). The ITO/GNPs/NiO/poly(PPA) electrode was fabricated by sequential electrochemical assembly onto ITO substrate which electrochemical deposition provides a facile, inexpensive technique for synthesis of multilayered film within the adherent morphology with controllable film thickness. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), scanning electron microcopy (SEM), and atomic force microcopy (AFM) were used to characterize the film assembly processes. The properties of a semiconductor/electrolyte interface were investigated based on the Mott–Schottky (M-S) approach for the modified electrodes, with the flat band potential (EFB) according to the potential intercept and the carrier density (ND) according to the linear slopes. The ND and EFB of ITO/GNPs/NiO/poly(PPA) were obtained as 2.48·1021 cm–3 and 0.26 V, respectively. Tyrosinase was immobilized using carbodiimide coupling reaction. The bioelectrode was characterized by FTIR-ATR, SEM, AFM, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A Randles equivalent circuit was introduced for modeling the performance of impedimetric biosensing for the detection of the dopamine (DP) and the interface of bioelectrode/electrolyte. The EIS of the ITO/GNPs/NiO/poly(PPA)-Ty exhibited significant changes in the charge transfer resistance (RCT) value toward the detection of dopamine over a linear range of 80 µM to 0.2 mM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 5.46 µM.

Keywords

• Nanocomposites
• poly(Pyrrole-N-propionic acid)
• Mott Schottky
• Tyrosinase
• Dopamine