Gastroenterologìa (Apr 2017)
Liver disorders in patients with ulcerative colitis
Abstract
Background. The article deals with the chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, in particular, the attention is paid to ulcerative colitis (UC). UC proceeds with the development of a number of extraintestinal lesions, among which a special place is given to the changes in the liver and bile ducts. In connection with this, a study was conducted to assess the prevalence, nature and clinical features of liver damage in patients with UC. Materials and methods. Under observation, there were 180 patients with UC confirmed endoscopically and morphologically. All patients underwent multimodal ultrasound examination of the liver, study of the biochemical signs of cytolysis and/or cholestasis with negative serological markers of viral hepatitis B, C, D and autoimmune hepatitis. Also, a biochemical study of the lipid spectrum of the blood was performed, and in patients with suspected autoimmune lesions of the liver — an analysis of the spectrum of the corresponding antibodies. Results. In 180 patients with UC, a liver damage was detected in 58 (32.2 %) persons. Parenchymal lesions of the liver were diagnosed in 40 (22.2 %) UC patients, and changes in the bile ducts — in 18 (10.0 %) patients with UC. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), autoimmune hepatitis (AH) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) of the liver were detected in 40 (69.0 %) patients with UC, and lesions of extra- and intrahepatic bile ducts and gall bladder — in 18 (31.0 %). Among the parenchymal lesions of the liver, NASH dominated (53.5 %). AH was diagnosed in 8.6 % of patients, PBC — in 5.2 % of patients with UC. All patients with UC and NASH, in addition to the basic UC therapy, received the preparation of essential phospholipids in a daily dose of 1,800 mg (2 capsules 3 times a day) for three months. After the end of treatment, only 2 (6.5 %) patients had minor complaints. Prior to treatment, a significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase by 2.3 and 2.2 times, respectively, was observed in all the examined patients, in combination with 3.7 times increase in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase compared with the norm, which may indicate a moderate cytolysis syndrome. After the treatment, patients showed a tendency to normalize the enzymatic status, although the indices remained elevated in comparison with the norm. Conclusions. Thus, liver damage was detected in 32.2 % of patients, predominantly in the advanced forms, with a moderate and severe course and high activity of UC. For the treatment of NASH in patients with UC, it is advisable to use essential phospholipids.
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