Ultra-processed food consumption and the risk of incident chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
Bingjie Xiao,
Jinxian Huang,
Linyi Chen,
Yujie Lin,
Jianghong Luo,
Huifen Chen,
Lizhe Fu,
Fang Tang,
Wenwei Ouyang,
Yifan Wu
Affiliations
Bingjie Xiao
The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
Jinxian Huang
The Fourth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
Linyi Chen
The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
Yujie Lin
The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
Jianghong Luo
The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
Huifen Chen
The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
Lizhe Fu
Chronic Disease Management Outpatient, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
Fang Tang
Chronic Disease Management Outpatient, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
Wenwei Ouyang
Key Unit of Methodology in Clinical Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
Yifan Wu
Chronic Disease Management Outpatient, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
Background Recent individual studies have indicated that ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption may be associated with the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis based on those longitudinal studies evaluating the relationship between UPF consumption and the risk of incident CKD, and synthesizing the results.Method PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from inception through 22 March 2023. Any longitudinal studies evaluating the relationship between UPF consumption and the risk of incident CKD were included. Two researchers independently conducted the literature screening and data extraction. RR and its 95% CI were regarded as the effect size. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) was applied to assess the quality of the studies included, and the effect of UPF consumption on the risk of incident CKD was analyzed with STATA version 15.1. This study’s protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023411951).Results Four cohort studies with a total of 219,132 participants were included after screening. The results of the meta-analysis suggested that the highest UPF intake was associated with an increased risk of incident CKD (RR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.18–1.33).Conclusions High-dose UPF intake was associated with an increased risk of incident CKD. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Thus, more standardized clinical studies and further exploration of the mechanisms are needed in the future.
