Metatarsal arch deformation and forefoot kinematics during gait in asymptomatic subjects

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate both foot arch-shaped architecture and forefoot kinematics during gait. Using a dedicated three-compartment forefoot subdivision, we studied asymptomatic subjects and quantified disorders related to the metatarsal arch. Foot motion and arch shape were measured in 30 healthy subjects with a motion-capture system and force plates. Kinematic results were expressed using a novel model, which anatomically divides the forefoot into three parts. This model integrated the medial longitudinal arch angle and the metatarsal arch height and width. During the first part of stance phase, the medial longitudinal arch flattens and all foot segments move toward dorsiflexion. During terminal stance and preswing phase, medial longitudinal and metatarsal arch restoration was noted with plantarflexion of all segments, an eversion and abduction of the medial forefoot, and an inversion and adduction of the lateral forefoot. Kinematics obtained with the proposed forefoot model corroborates metatarsal arch restoration in late stance. This observation supports the fact that foot architecture is supple until midstance and subsequently creates a rigid lever arm with restored arches to support propulsion. This study’s results and methods highlight the potential of the three-compartment model for use in clinical decision-making.

Keywords

• forefoot kinematics
• multisegment foot model
• foot deformation
• medial longitudinal arch
• metatarsal arch
• gait analysis