Efficient activity of soil depending on of precursors and major treatment of soil when cultivating winter wheat

Abstract

The article presents data on the change in the enzymatic activity of the soil in winter wheat crops under the influence of the methods and techniques of tillage and the previous crop in the Central Ciscaucasus zone. The studies were carried out in the zone of the Central Ciscaucasia on the basis of the experimental station of Stavropol State Agrarian University. The determination of the activity of invertase shows that its maximum values are in the variants of the combined treatment, which is associated with more favorable hydrothermal conditions of the arable layer of the soil. Thus, according to its predecessor, pea + oats for green fodder, invertase activity is 27.9 mg of glucose per 1 g of soil for 40 hours, which is almost twice as high in comparison with surface treatment and three times with plowing. The decrease in the activity of invertase during dump processing indicates a rapid rate of mineralization of organic matter. Catalase activity on the studied precursors: on peas with oats for green fodder 1.6 and 1.3; 1.5 and 1.8 peas; for corn silage 1.5 and 1.4 ml 0.1 n. KMnO4 per 1 g of soil for 20 minutes. Revealed a decrease in activity under the influence of plowing, as urease enters the soil with plant debris. When dumping treatment due to movement of plant residues in the underlying layers, the activity of this enzyme decreases to 0.8–0.9 mg of N-NH4 per 10 g of soil for 4 hours, whereas with surface treatment, depending on its predecessor, it is 0.8–– 1.3 mg of N-NH4 / 10 g of soil for 4 hours, with a combination of 1.0–1.1, and for shallow soil, 1.1–1.2 mg of N-NH4 / 10 g of soil in 4 hours.