Elucidating antibiofilm as well as photocatalytic disinfection potential of green synthesized nanosilver against multi-drug-resistant bacteria and its photodegradation ability of cationic dyes
Bibin Mohan,
Padikkamannil Abishad,
Pokkittath Radhakrishnan Arya,
Marita Dias,
Valil Kunjukunju Vinod,
Asha Karthikeyan,
Sanis Juliet,
Nitin Vasantrao Kurkure,
Sukhadeo Baliram Barbuddhe,
Deepak Bhiwa Rawool,
Jess Vergis
Affiliations
Bibin Mohan
Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
Padikkamannil Abishad
Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
Pokkittath Radhakrishnan Arya
Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
Marita Dias
Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
Valil Kunjukunju Vinod
Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
Asha Karthikeyan
Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
Sanis Juliet
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
Nitin Vasantrao Kurkure
Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nagpur Veterinary College
Sukhadeo Baliram Barbuddhe
ICAR- National Meat Research Institute
Deepak Bhiwa Rawool
ICAR- National Meat Research Institute
Jess Vergis
Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
Abstract Background Bioinspired nanomaterials have widely been employed as suitable alternatives for controlling biofilm and pathogens due to their distinctive physico-chemical properties. Methodology This study explored the antibiofilm as well as photocatalytic potential of silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized using the cell-free supernatant of Lactobacillus acidophilus for the disinfection of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) strains of enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), Salmonella Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on exposure to LED light. In addition, the removal of toxic cationic dyes i.e., methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RhB) and crystal violet (CV) was explored on exposure to sunlight, LED and UV lights. Results Initially, the synthesis of AgNPs was verified using UV- Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The synthesized AgNPs exhibited MIC and MBC values of 7.80 and 15.625 µg/mL, respectively. The AgNPs exhibited significant inhibition (P < 0.001) in the biofilm-forming ability of all the tested MDR isolates. On exposure to LED light, the AgNPs could effectively eliminate all the tested MDR isolates in a dose-dependent manner. While performing photocatalytic assays, the degradation of RhB was observed to be quite slower than MB and CV irrespective of the tested light sources. Moreover, the sunlight as well as UV light exhibited better photodegradation capacity than LED light. Notwithstanding the light sources, RhB followed zero-order kinetics; however, MB and CV followed primarily second-order kinetics. Conclusion The green synthesized AgNPs were found to be an effective photocatalytic as well as antifouling candidate that could be applied in therapeutics and wastewater treatment.
