Racial Disparities in Blood Pressure at Time of Acute Ischemic Stroke Presentation: A Population Study

Abstract

Background Hypertension is a stroke risk factor with known disparities in prevalence and management between Black and White patients. We sought to identify if racial differences in presenting blood pressure (BP) during acute ischemic stroke exist. Methods and Results Adults with acute ischemic stroke presenting to an emergency department within 24 hours of last known normal during study epochs 2005, 2010, and 2015 within the Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Stroke Study were included. Demographics, histories, arrival BP, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, and time from last known normal were collected. Multivariable linear regression was used to determine differences in mean BP between Black and White patients, adjusting for age, sex, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, stroke, body mass index, and study epoch. Of 4048 patients, 853 Black and 3195 White patients were included. In adjusted analysis, Black patients had higher presenting systolic BP (161 mm Hg [95% CI, 159–164] versus 158 mm Hg [95% CI, 157–159], P<0.01), diastolic BP (86 mm Hg [95% CI, 85–88] versus 83 mm Hg [95% CI, 82–84], P<0.01), and mean arterial pressure (111 mm Hg [95% CI, 110–113] versus 108 mm Hg [95% CI, 107–109], P<0.01) compared with White patients. In adjusted subanalysis of patients <4.5 hours from last known normal, diastolic BP (88 mm Hg [95% CI, 86–90] versus 83 mm Hg [95% CI, 82–84], P<0.01) and mean arterial pressure (112 mm Hg [95% CI, 110–114] versus 108 mm Hg [95% CI, 107–109], P<0.01) were also higher in Black patients. Conclusions This population‐based study suggests differences in presenting BP between Black and White patients during acute ischemic stroke. Further study is needed to determine whether these differences influence clinical decision‐making, outcome, or clinical trial eligibility.

Keywords

• acute stroke
• blood pressure
• epidemiology
• ischemic stroke
• race
• thrombolysis