Comprehensive Analysis of Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Potential, and Antibacterial Activity of <i>T. polium</i>
Zineb Timizar,
Khalida Boutemak,
Amel Hadj Ziane-Zafour,
Nabil Touzout,
Hichem Tahraoui,
Bassem Jaouadi,
Meriem Zamouche,
Mohammed Kebir,
Jie Zhang,
Abdeltif Amrane
Affiliations
Zineb Timizar
Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Process Engineering, University of Blida 1, Road of Soumaa, P.O. Box 270, Blida 09000, Algeria
Khalida Boutemak
Functional Analysis Laboratory of Chemical Processes, Department of Process Engineering, University of Blida 1, Road of Soumaa, P.O. Box 270, Blida 09000, Algeria
Amel Hadj Ziane-Zafour
Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Process Engineering, University of Blida 1, Road of Soumaa, P.O. Box 270, Blida 09000, Algeria
Nabil Touzout
Department of Nature and Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Medea, Medea 26000, Algeria
Hichem Tahraoui
Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Chimiques, Department of Process Engineering, University of Ferhat Abbas, Setif 19137, Algeria
Bassem Jaouadi
Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax (CBS), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Microbienne, Enzymatique et de Biomolécules (LBMEB), University of Sfax, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
Meriem Zamouche
Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Médicament et le Développement Durable (ReMeDD), Faculty of Process Engineering, University of Salah Boubnider Constantine 3, Constantine 25004, Algeria
Mohammed Kebir
Research Unit on Analysis and Technological Development in Environment (UR-ADTE/CRAPC), BP 384 Bou-Ismail, Tipaza 42000, Algeria
Jie Zhang
School of Engineering, Merz Court, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
Abdeltif Amrane
École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)–UMR 6226, Université Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
This study aims to thoroughly examine the chemicals and effects of the ethanol extract from T. polium’s upper parts. We used the Soxhlet method for extraction, resulting in an extract with a significant yield of 20.6%. Qualitative analysis identified a variety of compounds, such as tannins, saponins, reducing compounds, terpenoids, quinones, and alkaloids. In quantitative analysis using the colorimetric method, we found the extract was rich in total flavonoids (20.78 mg equivalent QE/g DW extract) and total polyphenols (227.43 mg equivalent GAE/g DW extract). To assess antioxidant potential, we used the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method, with ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as standards. The extract showed moderate activity in both the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and FRAP methods at concentrations of 65 µg/mL and 21 mg/mL, respectively. Additionally, we tested the ethanolic extract against various bacteria using the disk diffusion technique on agar medium. The results indicated that the T. polium extract had moderate effectiveness against Gram-negative bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 and Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, as well as Gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. We further investigated the composition of the ethanolic extract through LC-MS/MS analysis, establishing a detailed profile of phenolic compounds, with six flavonoids identified as the main polyphenolic constituents. This thorough evaluation provides insights into the potential therapeutic uses of T. polium.
