The Transition Toward a Multinational State in Bolivia and Ecuador (1990-2008)

Abstract

The declaration of Bolivia and Ecuador as Plurinational Unitary States in their new constitutions is a deep split in the national imagination and State-Indians relationship. This historical demand of indigenous movements does not imply the fragmentation of Nation states but in reading their opponents and governments it was associated with national disintegration, limiting the scope of state reforms in the 90s. The movements must coordinate with different sectors that led to power for Evo Morales and Rafael Correa to promote a constitutional reform. However, the new constitutions have left by law to resolve problems which are the core of the multinational state, such as territorial autonomy and representation.

Keywords

• Movimientos indígenas
• Bolivia
• Ecuador
• Estado plurinacional