A Review of Spatter in Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing: In Situ Detection, Generation, Effects, and Countermeasures
Zheng Li,
Hao Li,
Jie Yin,
Yan Li,
Zhenguo Nie,
Xiangyou Li,
Deyong You,
Kai Guan,
Wei Duan,
Longchao Cao,
Dengzhi Wang,
Linda Ke,
Yang Liu,
Ping Zhao,
Lin Wang,
Kunpeng Zhu,
Zhengwen Zhang,
Liang Gao,
Liang Hao
Affiliations
Zheng Li
Gemological Institute, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
Hao Li
Gemological Institute, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
Jie Yin
Gemological Institute, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
Yan Li
Gemological Institute, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
Zhenguo Nie
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Xiangyou Li
Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
Deyong You
Diligine Photonics Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510000, China
Kai Guan
TSC Laser Technology Development (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100076, China
Wei Duan
School of Machinery and Automation, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
Longchao Cao
School of Aerospace Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
Dengzhi Wang
Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
Linda Ke
Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center of Near-Net-Shape Forming for Metallic Materials, Shanghai Spaceflight Precision Machinery Institute, Shanghai 201600, China
Yang Liu
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
Ping Zhao
Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
Lin Wang
Nanjing Chamlion Laser Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210039, China
Kunpeng Zhu
School of Machinery and Automation, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
Zhengwen Zhang
The State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
Liang Gao
State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
Liang Hao
Gemological Institute, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
Spatter is an inherent, unpreventable, and undesired phenomenon in laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) additive manufacturing. Spatter behavior has an intrinsic correlation with the forming quality in L-PBF because it leads to metallurgical defects and the degradation of mechanical properties. This impact becomes more severe in the fabrication of large-sized parts during the multi-laser L-PBF process. Therefore, investigations of spatter generation and countermeasures have become more urgent. Although much research has provided insights into the melt pool, microstructure, and mechanical property, reviews of spatter in L-PBF are still limited. This work reviews the literature on the in situ detection, generation, effects, and countermeasures of spatter in L-PBF. It is expected to pave the way towards a novel generation of highly efficient and intelligent L-PBF systems.
