Predicting depression, anxiety, stress and academic procrastination based on smartphone addiction with emphasis on gender differences in students

Abstract

Excessive use of smartphones is associated with academic procrastination, depression, anxiety and stress in students; Therefore, examining the relationship between smartphone addiction and procrastination and psychological vulnerability in students is of particular importance. Therefore, this study was conducted to predict depression, anxiety, stress and academic procrastination based on smartphone addiction with emphasis on gender differences in students. The present study was a descriptive correlational study. Using the stratified sampling method, 275 students (120 girls and 155 boys) of the first year high school students in Turkmanchay who were selected in the academic year 1399-1400. Research data were collected using Solomon and Rathblum (1984) Delayed Questionnaire, Mobile Phone Addiction Questionnaire (2013) and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that between smartphone addiction with depression (r = 0.457), anxiety (r = 0.363), stress (r = 0.334) and academic procrastination (0.358) = r) There is a positive and significant relationship (P≥0.001). The results of multiple regression showed that in female students, desire for loneliness and creativity and in male students, desire and loneliness were the strongest predictors of depression, anxiety and stress. Also the strongest predictors of procrastination in female students were loneliness and de-creativity and in post-students loneliness. It can be concluded that addiction to mobile smartphones increases the level of stress and anxiety in students and stress and anxiety caused by addiction to smartphones also increases the level of procrastination among students

Keywords

• smartphone addiction
• stress
• anxiety
• depression
• academic procrastination