Effect of Milling Parameters on the Development of a Nanostructured FCC–TiNb15Mn Alloy via High-Energy Ball Milling
Cristina García-Garrido,
Ranier Sepúlveda Ferrer,
Christopher Salvo,
Lucía García-Domínguez,
Luis Pérez-Pozo,
Pedro Javier Lloreda-Jurado,
Ernesto Chicardi
Affiliations
Cristina García-Garrido
Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico (IAPH), Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
Ranier Sepúlveda Ferrer
Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencia de los Materiales y del Transporte, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
Christopher Salvo
Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción 4081112, Chile
Lucía García-Domínguez
Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencia de los Materiales y del Transporte, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
Luis Pérez-Pozo
Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad Técnica Federico Santamaría, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
Pedro Javier Lloreda-Jurado
Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencia de los Materiales y del Transporte, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
Ernesto Chicardi
Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencia de los Materiales y del Transporte, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
In this work, a blend of Ti, Nb, and Mn powders, with a nominal composition of 15 wt.% of Mn, and balanced Ti and Nb wt.%, was selected to be mechanically alloyed by the following two alternative high-energy milling devices: a vibratory 8000D mixer/mill® and a PM400 Retsch® planetary ball mill. Two ball-to-powder ratio (BPR) conditions (10:1 and 20:1) were applied, to study the evolution of the synthesized phases under each of the two mechanical alloying conditions. The main findings observed include the following: (1) the sequence conversion evolved from raw elements to a transitory bcc-TiNbMn alloy, and subsequently to an fcc-TiNb15Mn alloy, independent of the milling conditions; (2) the total full conversion to the fcc-TiNb15Mn alloy was only reached by the planetary mill at a minimum of 12 h of milling time, for either of the BPR employed; (3) the planetary mill produced a non-negligible Fe contamination from the milling media, when the highest BPR and milling time were applied; and (4) the final fcc-TiNb15Mn alloy synthesized presents a nanocrystalline nature and a partial degree of amorphization.
