A Mixed Reality–Based Telesupervised Ultrasound Education Platform on 5G Network Compared to Direct Supervision: Prospective Randomized Pilot Trial

Abstract

Abstract BackgroundUltrasound education is transitioning from in-person training to remote methods using mixed reality (MR) and 5G networks. Previous studies are mainly experimental, lacking randomized controlled trials in direct training scenarios. ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare an MR-based telesupervised ultrasound education platform on private 5G networks with traditional in-person training for novice doctors. MethodsConducted at a tertiary academic hospital from November to December 2023, the prospective unblinded randomized controlled pilot study assigned doctors without prior abdominal ultrasound education experience to either the telesupervision group (TG; n=20) or direct supervision group (DG; n=20). Participants received a 15-minute video lecture, conducted ultrasound on a phantom, and had 18 images scored by 2 blinded experts. Additionally, the TG received 5 minutes of training on the basic operation of a head-mounted display. Communication between doctors in the TG and supervisors was facilitated through a head-mounted display, whereas those in the DG interacted directly with supervisors. Primary outcomes were image quality scores, while secondary outcomes included procedure time, number of supervisor interventions, user experience using National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX), System Usability Scale (SUS), and self-confidence through pre- and postsurveys. ResultsImage quality scores and procedure times showed no significant differences between the groups (TG: 66.8 [SD 10.3] vs DG: 66.8 [SD 10.4], PPPPPPPPP ConclusionsAlthough no significant differences in image quality scores were observed between groups, considerable differences in positive educational interactions, workload, and usability were evident. These findings emphasize the platform’s potential to enhance the ultrasound training experience, suggesting more interactive and efficient learning.