FUNCTIONAL AND PLANNING STRUCTURE OF THE OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE’S CONSULAR INSTITUTIONS IN NORTHERN MANCHURIA

Abstract

The article studies the functional and planning characteristics of the Russian Empire’s consular institutions. In the early 20th century when Northeast China opened up for international trade, various countries opened their consular offices in the cities of Manchuria. The emerging urgent needs to design and construct consular facilities led to the development of consular office design principle to suit local conditions while taking advantage of international experiences available at that time. The study takes into account two previously identified approaches to consular office design and examines in detail the functional and planning structure of consular office buildings within a group of buildings.

Keywords

• consulates of the russian empire in china
• planning structure
• functional zoning