Metabolic Profile of Einkorn, Spelt, Emmer Ancient Wheat Species Sourdough Fermented with Strain of <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> ATCC 8014
Larisa Rebeca Șerban,
Adriana Păucean,
Maria Simona Chiș,
Carmen Rodica Pop,
Simona Maria Man,
Andreea Pușcaș,
Floricuța Ranga,
Sonia Ancuța Socaci,
Ersilia Alexa,
Adina Berbecea,
Cristina Anamaria Semeniuc,
Vlad Mureșan
Affiliations
Larisa Rebeca Șerban
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Sciences and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăștur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Adriana Păucean
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Sciences and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăștur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Maria Simona Chiș
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Sciences and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăștur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Carmen Rodica Pop
Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5, Mănăștur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Simona Maria Man
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Sciences and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăștur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Andreea Pușcaș
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Sciences and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăștur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Floricuța Ranga
Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăștur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Sonia Ancuța Socaci
Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5, Mănăștur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Ersilia Alexa
Department of Food Control, Faculty of Agro-Food Technologies, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I of Romania”, 119 Aradului Avenue, 300641 Timişoara, Romania
Adina Berbecea
Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I of Romania”, 119 Aradului Avenue, 300641 Timişoara, Romania
Cristina Anamaria Semeniuc
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Sciences and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăștur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Vlad Mureșan
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Sciences and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăștur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
The continuous development of bakery products as well as the increased demands from consumers transform ancient grains into alternatives with high nutritional potential for modern wheat species. The present study, therefore, follows the changes that occur in the sourdough obtained from these vegetable matrices fermented by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 during a 24 h. period. The samples were analyzed in terms of cell growth dynamics, carbohydrate content, crude cellulose, minerals, organic acids, volatile compounds, and rheological properties. The results revealed significant microbial growth in all samples, with an average value of 9 log cfu/g but also a high accumulation of organic acids with the increase in the fermentation period. Lactic acid content ranged from 2.89 to 6.65 mg/g, while acetic acid recorded values between 0.51 and 1.1 mg/g. Regarding the content of simple sugars, maltose was converted into glucose, and fructose was used as an electron acceptor or carbon source. Cellulose content decreased as a result of the solubilization of soluble fibers into insoluble fibers under enzymatic action, with percentages of 3.8 to 9.5%. All sourdough samples had a high content of minerals; the highest of which—Ca (246 mg/kg), Zn (36 mg/kg), Mn (46 mg/kg), and Fe (19 mg/kg)—were recorded in the einkorn sourdough.
