Вестник музыкальной науки (Sep 2020)
About the genre yalla and its carrier
Abstract
The Ferghana valley of the Republic of Uzbekistan has centuries-old cultural traditions. In ancient socio-cultural life of the local population, it has become a tradition to hold mass folk festivals, such as “Tulip holiday”, “Navruz”, “Flower holiday”, “Harvest holiday”, family celebrations and other customs and ceremonies. According to scientists, when conducting holidays and ceremonies, an important place was occupied by syncretic art, consisting of a trinity of poetry (words), music and dance. At such events, the creative talent of women musicians was widely used. With the spread of the islamic religion in this territory, qualitative changes have taken place in the cultural life of the people, which have also influenced the oral musical creativity of women. In the circle of women, it became customary to perform various dances and games with movements under rhythmic clapping of hands or blows of a doyra. The ancient song genres, accompanied by cheerful dances, now have gained new content and new life and have finally formed in the form of the lapar, sing and yalla genres popular today. These samples of song genres, which were performed at family ceremonies and holidays, were vivid expressors of the character and inner world of women, provided the meaningfulness and fascination of these events. In the process of carrying out these types of events, closely related to the socio-cultural life of women, along with the development of creative traditions associated with them, fertile ground was prepared for the appearance of yallachi art - professional female musicians. They, directly relying on female folklore and, in particular, on the wedding songs “Yor-yor”, developed their intonation-semantic system. For, such ritual songs, from ancient times to the present, do not lose their value and significance, and therefore occupy a solid place in the female performing repertoire, constituting the fundamental basis of the female intonational dictionary. This article highlights some classification features, structural forms, themes and intonational basis of the yalla folklore genre, as well as its traditional forms of life among women of the Ferghana valley of Uzbekistan. Thanks to the art of the yallachi, professional female musicians, this genre has acquired qualitatively new features and has become widespread throughout the republic.
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