Bone Regeneration Using Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and Various Biomaterial Carriers
Zeeshan Sheikh,
Mohammad Ahmad Javaid,
Nader Hamdan,
Raheel Hashmi
Affiliations
Zeeshan Sheikh
Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
Mohammad Ahmad Javaid
Division of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, the Nobel Biocare Oral Health Centre, the University of British Columbia, 2151 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
Nader Hamdan
Division of Periodontics, Dental Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, D343-790 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
Raheel Hashmi
Department of Emergency and Trauma, South City Hospital, Street 1, Block 3, Sharah-e-Firdous, Clifton Karachi 75400, Pakistan
Trauma and disease frequently result in fractures or critical sized bone defects and their management at times necessitates bone grafting. The process of bone healing or regeneration involves intricate network of molecules including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). BMPs belong to a larger superfamily of proteins and are very promising and intensively studied for in the enhancement of bone healing. More than 20 types of BMPs have been identified but only a subset of BMPs can induce de novo bone formation. Many research groups have shown that BMPs can induce differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and stem cells into osteogenic cells which are capable of producing bone. This review introduces BMPs and discusses current advances in preclinical and clinical application of utilizing various biomaterial carriers for local delivery of BMPs to enhance bone regeneration.
