Frontiers in Public Health (May 2022)

Prevalence of Group B Streptococcus Recto-Vaginal Colonization, Vertical Transmission, and Antibiotic Susceptibility Among Pregnant Women in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

  • Habtamu Bekele,
  • Adera Debella,
  • Tamirat Getachew,
  • Bikila Balis,
  • Dawit Tamiru,
  • Addis Eyeberu,
  • Getahun Tiruye,
  • Mohammed Abdurke Kure,
  • Sisay Habte,
  • Bajrond Eshetu,
  • Lemma Demissie Regassa,
  • Sinetibeb Mesfin,
  • Adisu Alemu,
  • Yadeta Dessie,
  • Kasiye Shiferaw

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.851434
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 10

Abstract

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BackgroundMaternal Group B Streptococcus (GBS) recto-vaginal colonization is the most common route for early onset neonatal GBS diseases. A good understanding of the rate of maternal GBS colonization, vertical transmission rate, and antibiotic susceptibility profiles is needed to formulate a broad protection mechanism, like vaccine preparation. For that reason, this meta-analysis aimed at determining the pooled prevalence of GBS recto-vaginal colonization, vertical transmission rate, and antibiotic susceptibility profiles in Ethiopia.MethodsBoth published and unpublished studies were searched from MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCO), Embase, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Web of Sciences databases, and Google Scholar. Independent selection was then carried out by the authors based on the eligibility criteria and data extraction using Microsoft excel. The authors then used STATA version 14.1 software for further cleaning and analysis. The review was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) PRISMA guidelines. Using the random-effect model, the prevalence with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and forest plot were used to present the findings. Besides, the studies' heterogeneity was assessed using Cochrane chi-square (I2) statistics, while Egger intercept was used to assess publication bias.ResultsThis review included nineteen studies. The pooled prevalence of recto-vaginal colonization was 15% (95% CI: 11, 19), while the prevalence of vertical transmission was 51% (95% CI: 45, 58) and highest-level susceptibility to vancomycin was 99% (95% CI: 98, 100). However, the GBS susceptibility to tetracycline was 23% (95% CI: 9, 36).ConclusionsNearly one out of seven pregnant women in Ethiopia had recto-vaginal colonization of GBS. As a result, half of the pregnancies end with vertical transmission of GBS. Hence, the review emphasizes that policy and programs should consider planning and implementing prophylactic programs.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021287540.

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