Вестник Мининского университета (Feb 2022)
Shmeleva N.V.Representations of “human exclusivity” in the cultural stream of the Modern age
Abstract
Introduction. The article deals with the model of the human exclusiveness through the prism of artistic intuitions of the Modern Age as illustrations of the development of anthropological theme in the Western European culture. The interest to this topic is determined by modern discussions turning around the human being as a subject of philosophical anthropology.Materials and Methods. The model of the human exclusiveness based on the theses developed by the French philosopher J.-M. Schaeffer is the conceptual frame of the research. Schaeffer’s model includes 4 basic elements (“ontical rupture”, “ontological dualism”, gnoseocentrism and antinaturalism) which allow to consider the cultural situation of the 17th-18th centuries from the position of the human exclusiveness. Tackling the problem of the limits of philosophical anthropology and its methodology in terms of crisis of the Age of Enlightenment and growing significance of the creative representation of the human being in the modern researches makes it possible to look at the idea of the Modern Age person at a new angle, through the prism of artistic experience and to set a connection between rational-discursive and artistic-cognitive practices of the given epoch.Results. The model of the human exclusiveness finally formed during the Modern Age. Artistic practices of the 17th-18th centuries traced movements of the philosophical discourse and reflected elements of the model of the human exclusiveness, as well as expanded boundaries of articulated knowledge on account of replacing accents to the outside world and reopening the category of feeling as an epistemological value. Development of secular culture and art in the light of change in the perception of the beautiful allowed to make the human not only an object of art but also a subject which organizes the cultural space around oneself and endows items of the outside world with categories of the beautiful. Diversity of directions and styles in art transmitted methodologically different pictures of the human existence and ambiguity of the vision of reality, which were connected only by the human uniting various cultural layers and becoming more incomprehensible for himself.Discussion and Conclusions.It’s during the Modern Age when we can see the symbiosis of philosophical and cultural ideas of the world where art becomes a necessary tool for awareness of reality and perception of the human. Philosophical formations and artistic practice of the Modern Age declare the idea of the human exclusiveness and give a clue for understanding of the artistic dimension of reality. The model of the human exclusiveness superimposed on the artistic practices of the Modern Age reveals facets of the human exclusivity as an organizing element in setting borders of one of many realities which is limited by one direction or style of art.
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