A Review of Nanocomposite-Modified Electrochemical Sensors for Water Quality Monitoring
Olfa Kanoun,
Tamara Lazarević-Pašti,
Igor Pašti,
Salem Nasraoui,
Malak Talbi,
Amina Brahem,
Anurag Adiraju,
Evgeniya Sheremet,
Raul D. Rodriguez,
Mounir Ben Ali,
Ammar Al-Hamry
Affiliations
Olfa Kanoun
Professorship Measurement and Sensor Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
Tamara Lazarević-Pašti
Department of Physical Chemistry, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Igor Pašti
Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Salem Nasraoui
Professorship Measurement and Sensor Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
Malak Talbi
Professorship Measurement and Sensor Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
Amina Brahem
Professorship Measurement and Sensor Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
Anurag Adiraju
Professorship Measurement and Sensor Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
Evgeniya Sheremet
Research School of Physics, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
Raul D. Rodriguez
Research School of Chemical and Biomedical Technologies, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
Mounir Ben Ali
NANOMISENE Lab, LR16CRMN01, Centre for Research on Microelectronics and Nanotechnology of Sousse, Technopole of Sousse B.P. 334, Sahloul, Sousse 4034, Tunisia
Ammar Al-Hamry
Professorship Measurement and Sensor Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
Electrochemical sensors play a significant role in detecting chemical ions, molecules, and pathogens in water and other applications. These sensors are sensitive, portable, fast, inexpensive, and suitable for online and in-situ measurements compared to other methods. They can provide the detection for any compound that can undergo certain transformations within a potential window. It enables applications in multiple ion detection, mainly since these sensors are primarily non-specific. In this paper, we provide a survey of electrochemical sensors for the detection of water contaminants, i.e., pesticides, nitrate, nitrite, phosphorus, water hardeners, disinfectant, and other emergent contaminants (phenol, estrogen, gallic acid etc.). We focus on the influence of surface modification of the working electrodes by carbon nanomaterials, metallic nanostructures, imprinted polymers and evaluate the corresponding sensing performance. Especially for pesticides, which are challenging and need special care, we highlight biosensors, such as enzymatic sensors, immunobiosensor, aptasensors, and biomimetic sensors. We discuss the sensors’ overall performance, especially concerning real-sample performance and the capability for actual field application.
