European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields (Jul 2022)
Material radiopurity control in the XENONnT experiment
- E. Aprile,
- K. Abe,
- F. Agostini,
- S. Ahmed Maouloud,
- M. Alfonsi,
- L. Althueser,
- E. Angelino,
- J. R. Angevaare,
- V. C. Antochi,
- D. Antón Martin,
- F. Arneodo,
- L. Baudis,
- A. L. Baxter,
- L. Bellagamba,
- R. Biondi,
- A. Bismark,
- A. Brown,
- S. Bruenner,
- G. Bruno,
- R. Budnik,
- C. Capelli,
- J. M. R. Cardoso,
- D. Cichon,
- B. Cimmino,
- M. Clark,
- A. P. Colijn,
- J. Conrad,
- J. J. Cuenca-García,
- J. P. Cussonneau,
- V. D’Andrea,
- M. P. Decowski,
- P. Di Gangi,
- S. Di Pede,
- A. Di Giovanni,
- R. Di Stefano,
- S. Diglio,
- A. Elykov,
- S. Farrell,
- A. D. Ferella,
- H. Fischer,
- W. Fulgione,
- P. Gaemers,
- R. Gaior,
- M. Galloway,
- F. Gao,
- R. Glade-Beucke,
- L. Grandi,
- J. Grigat,
- A. Higuera,
- C. Hils,
- K. Hiraide,
- L. Hoetzsch,
- J. Howlett,
- M. Iacovacci,
- Y. Itow,
- J. Jakob,
- F. Joerg,
- N. Kato,
- P. Kavrigin,
- S. Kazama,
- M. Kobayashi,
- G. Koltman,
- A. Kopec,
- H. Landsman,
- R. F. Lang,
- L. Levinson,
- I. Li,
- S. Liang,
- S. Lindemann,
- M. Lindner,
- K. Liu,
- F. Lombardi,
- J. Long,
- J. A. M. Lopes,
- Y. Ma,
- C. Macolino,
- J. Mahlstedt,
- A. Mancuso,
- L. Manenti,
- A. Manfredini,
- F. Marignetti,
- T. Marrodán Undagoitia,
- K. Martens,
- J. Masbou,
- D. Masson,
- E. Masson,
- S. Mastroianni,
- M. Messina,
- K. Miuchi,
- K. Mizukoshi,
- A. Molinario,
- S. Moriyama,
- K. Morå,
- Y. Mosbacher,
- M. Murra,
- K. Ni,
- U. Oberlack,
- J. Palacio,
- R. Peres,
- J. Pienaar,
- M. Pierre,
- V. Pizzella,
- G. Plante,
- J. Qi,
- J. Qin,
- D. Ramírez García,
- S. Reichard,
- A. Rocchetti,
- N. Rupp,
- L. Sanchez,
- J. M. F. dos Santos,
- G. Sartorelli,
- J. Schreiner,
- D. Schulte,
- H. Schulze Eißing,
- M. Schumann,
- L. Scotto Lavina,
- M. Selvi,
- F. Semeria,
- P. Shagin,
- E. Shockley,
- M. Silva,
- H. Simgen,
- A. Takeda,
- P. L. Tan,
- A. Terliuk,
- C. Therreau,
- D. Thers,
- F. Toschi,
- G. Trinchero,
- C. Tunnell,
- F. Tönnies,
- K. Valerius,
- G. Volta,
- Y. Wei,
- C. Weinheimer,
- M. Weiss,
- D. Wenz,
- J. Westermann,
- C. Wittweg,
- T. Wolf,
- Z. Xu,
- M. Yamashita,
- L. Yang,
- J. Ye,
- L. Yuan,
- G. Zavattini,
- Y. Zhang,
- M. Zhong,
- T. Zhu,
- J. P. Zopounidis,
- XENON Collaboration,
- M. Laubenstein,
- S. Nisi
Affiliations
- E. Aprile
- Physics Department, Columbia University
- K. Abe
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo
- F. Agostini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna
- S. Ahmed Maouloud
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS/IN2P3
- M. Alfonsi
- Institut für Physik & Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
- L. Althueser
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- E. Angelino
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino
- J. R. Angevaare
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam
- V. C. Antochi
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova
- D. Antón Martin
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago
- F. Arneodo
- Particle and Planetary Physics, New York University Abu Dhabi-Center for Astro
- L. Baudis
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich
- A. L. Baxter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University
- L. Bellagamba
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna
- R. Biondi
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute
- A. Bismark
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich
- A. Brown
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg
- S. Bruenner
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam
- G. Bruno
- Particle and Planetary Physics, New York University Abu Dhabi-Center for Astro
- R. Budnik
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science
- C. Capelli
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich
- J. M. R. Cardoso
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra
- D. Cichon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
- B. Cimmino
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli
- M. Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University
- A. P. Colijn
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam
- J. Conrad
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova
- J. J. Cuenca-García
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- J. P. Cussonneau
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes
- V. D’Andrea
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute
- M. P. Decowski
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam
- P. Di Gangi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna
- S. Di Pede
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam
- A. Di Giovanni
- Particle and Planetary Physics, New York University Abu Dhabi-Center for Astro
- R. Di Stefano
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli
- S. Diglio
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes
- A. Elykov
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg
- S. Farrell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University
- A. D. Ferella
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute
- H. Fischer
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg
- W. Fulgione
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino
- P. Gaemers
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam
- R. Gaior
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS/IN2P3
- M. Galloway
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich
- F. Gao
- Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University
- R. Glade-Beucke
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg
- L. Grandi
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago
- J. Grigat
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg
- A. Higuera
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University
- C. Hils
- Institut für Physik & Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
- K. Hiraide
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo
- L. Hoetzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
- J. Howlett
- Physics Department, Columbia University
- M. Iacovacci
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli
- Y. Itow
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University
- J. Jakob
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- F. Joerg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
- N. Kato
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo
- P. Kavrigin
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science
- S. Kazama
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University
- M. Kobayashi
- Physics Department, Columbia University
- G. Koltman
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science
- A. Kopec
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University
- H. Landsman
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science
- R. F. Lang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University
- L. Levinson
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science
- I. Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University
- S. Liang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University
- S. Lindemann
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg
- M. Lindner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
- K. Liu
- Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University
- F. Lombardi
- Institut für Physik & Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
- J. Long
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago
- J. A. M. Lopes
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra
- Y. Ma
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego
- C. Macolino
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute
- J. Mahlstedt
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova
- A. Mancuso
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna
- L. Manenti
- Particle and Planetary Physics, New York University Abu Dhabi-Center for Astro
- A. Manfredini
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich
- F. Marignetti
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli
- T. Marrodán Undagoitia
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
- K. Martens
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo
- J. Masbou
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes
- D. Masson
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg
- E. Masson
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS/IN2P3
- S. Mastroianni
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli
- M. Messina
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute
- K. Miuchi
- Department of Physics, Kobe University
- K. Mizukoshi
- Department of Physics, Kobe University
- A. Molinario
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute
- S. Moriyama
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo
- K. Morå
- Physics Department, Columbia University
- Y. Mosbacher
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science
- M. Murra
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- K. Ni
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego
- U. Oberlack
- Institut für Physik & Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
- J. Palacio
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
- R. Peres
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich
- J. Pienaar
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago
- M. Pierre
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes
- V. Pizzella
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
- G. Plante
- Physics Department, Columbia University
- J. Qi
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego
- J. Qin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University
- D. Ramírez García
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg
- S. Reichard
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich
- A. Rocchetti
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg
- N. Rupp
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
- L. Sanchez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University
- J. M. F. dos Santos
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra
- G. Sartorelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna
- J. Schreiner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
- D. Schulte
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- H. Schulze Eißing
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- M. Schumann
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg
- L. Scotto Lavina
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS/IN2P3
- M. Selvi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna
- F. Semeria
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna
- P. Shagin
- Institut für Physik & Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
- E. Shockley
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego
- M. Silva
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra
- H. Simgen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
- A. Takeda
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo
- P. L. Tan
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova
- A. Terliuk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
- C. Therreau
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes
- D. Thers
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes
- F. Toschi
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg
- G. Trinchero
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino
- C. Tunnell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University
- F. Tönnies
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg
- K. Valerius
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- G. Volta
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich
- Y. Wei
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego
- C. Weinheimer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- M. Weiss
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science
- D. Wenz
- Institut für Physik & Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
- J. Westermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
- C. Wittweg
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- T. Wolf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
- Z. Xu
- Physics Department, Columbia University
- M. Yamashita
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo
- L. Yang
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego
- J. Ye
- Physics Department, Columbia University
- L. Yuan
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago
- G. Zavattini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna
- Y. Zhang
- Physics Department, Columbia University
- M. Zhong
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego
- T. Zhu
- Physics Department, Columbia University
- J. P. Zopounidis
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS/IN2P3
- XENON Collaboration
- M. Laubenstein
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute
- S. Nisi
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10345-6
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 82,
no. 7
pp. 1 – 21
Abstract
Abstract The selection of low-radioactive construction materials is of the utmost importance for rare-event searches and thus critical to the XENONnT experiment. Results of an extensive radioassay program are reported, in which material samples have been screened with gamma-ray spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and $$^{222}$$ 222 Rn emanation measurements. Furthermore, the cleanliness procedures applied to remove or mitigate surface contamination of detector materials are described. Screening results, used as inputs for a XENONnT Monte Carlo simulation, predict a reduction of materials background ( $$\sim $$ ∼ 17%) with respect to its predecessor XENON1T. Through radon emanation measurements, the expected $$^{222}$$ 222 Rn activity concentration in XENONnT is determined to be 4.2 ( $$^{+0.5}_{-0.7}$$ - 0.7 + 0.5 ) $$\upmu $$ μ Bq/kg, a factor three lower with respect to XENON1T. This radon concentration will be further suppressed by means of the novel radon distillation system.
