Loss of GTF2I promotes neuronal apoptosis and synaptic reduction in human cellular models of neurodevelopment
Jason W. Adams,
Annabelle Vinokur,
Janaína S. de Souza,
Charles Austria,
Bruno S. Guerra,
Roberto H. Herai,
Karl J. Wahlin,
Alysson R. Muotri
Affiliations
Jason W. Adams
Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
Annabelle Vinokur
Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
Janaína S. de Souza
Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
Charles Austria
Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
Bruno S. Guerra
Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Experimental Multiuser Laboratory, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80215-901, Brazil
Roberto H. Herai
Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Experimental Multiuser Laboratory, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80215-901, Brazil
Karl J. Wahlin
Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
Alysson R. Muotri
Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Corresponding author
Summary: Individuals with Williams syndrome (WS), a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by hemizygous loss of 26–28 genes at 7q11.23, characteristically portray a hypersocial phenotype. Copy-number variations and mutations in one of these genes, GTF2I, are associated with altered sociality and are proposed to underlie hypersociality in WS. However, the contribution of GTF2I to human neurodevelopment remains poorly understood. Here, human cellular models of neurodevelopment, including neural progenitors, neurons, and three-dimensional cortical organoids, are differentiated from CRISPR-Cas9-edited GTF2I-knockout (GTF2I-KO) pluripotent stem cells to investigate the role of GTF2I in human neurodevelopment. GTF2I-KO progenitors exhibit increased proliferation and cell-cycle alterations. Cortical organoids and neurons demonstrate increased cell death and synaptic dysregulation, including synaptic structural dysfunction and decreased electrophysiological activity on a multielectrode array. Our findings suggest that changes in synaptic circuit integrity may be a prominent mediator of the link between alterations in GTF2I and variation in the phenotypic expression of human sociality.
