Intensification of Polyphenols Extraction from <i>Eryngium creticum</i> Leaves Using <i>Ired-Irrad</i><sup>®</sup> and Evaluation of Antibiofilm and Antibacterial Activities
Mariam Hammoud,
Ali Chokr,
Hiba N. Rajha,
Carl Safi,
Martijn van Walsem,
Lambertus A. M. van den Broek,
Espérance Debs,
Richard G. Maroun,
Nicolas Louka,
Hassan Rammal
Affiliations
Mariam Hammoud
Research Laboratory of Microbiology (RLM), Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, P.O. Box 5, Beirut 1683, Lebanon
Ali Chokr
Research Laboratory of Microbiology (RLM), Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, P.O. Box 5, Beirut 1683, Lebanon
Hiba N. Rajha
Ecole Supérieure d’Ingénieurs de Beyrouth (ESIB), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, CST Mkalles Mar Roukos, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 11-514, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon
Carl Safi
Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
Martijn van Walsem
Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
Lambertus A. M. van den Broek
Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
Espérance Debs
Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, P.O. Box 100, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
Richard G. Maroun
Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 17-5208, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
Nicolas Louka
Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 17-5208, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
Hassan Rammal
Research Laboratory of Microbiology (RLM), Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, P.O. Box 5, Beirut 1683, Lebanon
(1) Background: Eryngium creticum is a plant medicinally valued, and used in pharmacopeia to treat various diseases. No previous studies have been reported on E. creticum leaf extracts using an IR-assisted technique; thus, this study aimed to intensify polyphenol extraction using Ired-Irrad®, comparing it to the conventional water bath (WB) method. (2) Methods: Optimization of polyphenol extraction from E. creticum leaves was conducted using Response Surface Methodology. Ired-Irrad® was used and compared to the WB method. The biological activities (antiradical, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antibiofilm) of both extracts were assessed. UHPLC analysis was performed to analyze the phytochemical profile of both extracts. (3) Results: Under optimal conditions, IR improved the polyphenol extraction yield by 1.7 times, while lowering ethanol consumption by 1.5 times. Regarding the antibacterial activity, both WB and IR E. creticum leaf extracts exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis. The maximum biofilm prevention capacity was also noticed against S. epidermidis. UHPLC-MS analysis quantified two major phenolic compounds in both extracts: rutin and sinapic acid. (4) Conclusions: Ired-Irrad® technology proved to be an effective technique in intensifying polyphenol recovery, while preserving their quantity and quality.
