The Effect of Corrective Exercise on Pain Referred to The Jaw Joint (TMJ) in Elderly Women With Upper Crossed Syndrome

Abstract

Abstract Background: Upper crossed syndrome is a muscular imbalance disorder associated with various referred pains, especially jaw discomfort. Complications like temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis may link to forward head posture and mechanical head pains resulting from this syndrome. Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the impact of corrective exercise on pain of TMJ in elderly women with upper cross syndrome. Methods: A total of 30 elderly women with upper crossed syndrome were enrolled at the Kahrizak Elderly Care Center and randomly assigned to either a corrective exercise group or a control group. The experiment group underwent an eight-week training program. Pain levels and neck range of motion were assessed using a pain ruler and goniometer, respectively. In order to measure neck extension, the mean difference and effect size were determined using paired t-test and Cohen’s d, respectively. Referred pain ratings were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, with effect size calculations, to further understand the intervention’s effect on pain perception. Results: Both groups demonstrated significant changes in referred pain perceptions (P = 0.0441) post-intervention. However, regarding neck extension, neither the control nor the experiment group exhibited statistically significant alterations in neck extension (P = 0.4309). Conclusions: These findings indicate that corrective exercises have a positive effect on alleviating referred pain in the jaw joint caused by muscle imbalance. Given the merits of corrective exercises as a non-pharmacological intervention, they are recommended as an effective approach for improving referred pain in the jaw.

Keywords

• corrective movements, proximal cross syndrome, neck range of motion, referred pain, temporomandibular joint