Models and methods for the study of information processing in the processes of naming the subject and relating the name to the subject

Abstract

Psychological structure and brain organization of information processing processes “on the way” from an object to a word denoting it and back — from a word to an object denoted by it, at first glance, should coincide in the composition of their components and differ only in the sequence of their activation. However, clinical evidence is contrary to this assumption. Thus, the phenomenon of “anomie,” that is, the difficulty of naming a visually presented object, can be combined with the absence of difficulty in choosing the desired object by its name. Studies of the causes of such dissociation are based on the use of neurocognitive and psycholinguistic models of speech activity, within which different schemes for organizing information processing processes are proposed. The article is devoted to a brief analysis of the basic provisions of these models and a review of modern neuropsychological, psycho-and neuro-linguistic methods of their experimental verification.