CHRONIC URTICARIAL IN CHILDHOOD. IMMUNE PATHOLOGY OF CHRONIC URTICARIAL IN CHILDREN (PART I)

Abstract

Abstract. This section of our review article deals with prevalence, genetic factors, and some immune mechanisms of chronic urticaria in children. In any form of chronic urticaria, the main pathogenetic role is ascribed to mast cells and basophiles. Increased production of cyto- and chemokines, e.g., CCL2, CХCL8, IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, is observed during chronic inflammatory reactions typical to this disease. Activation of mast cells and basophiles proceeds via specific receptors on the target cell membranes. Autoimmune urticaria is of special importance. In this disorder, autoantibodies are directed against IgE or FCεRIα, thus causing histamine release, due to cross-linking of α-chains of high-affinity IgE receptor, or binding of IgE fixed on the mast cells. Degranulation of basophils is followed by occurrence of activation molecules (СD203с, CD63). Some workers presumet that association between СD203с expression and positive autologous serum skin test may be a sign of autoimmune process. Increased expression of CD40L ligand on the surface of activated T cells suggests enhanced signaling for B cell activation and production of autoantibodies.

Keywords

• chronic urticaria
• cytokines
• basophils
• cd203c