Dynamics of the development of the participle as a special hybrid form of the verb

Abstract

A participle is a special form of a verb in which verb grammatical features are conjugated with adjectival ones. This is manifested both at the level of categorical meaning, and at the level of grammatical categories and syntactic functions. The participle is a verb form located on the periphery of the verb system, so verbal grammatical categories often manifest themselves in a flawed form. Due to this hybridity, syncretism, participles are subjected to changes in the process of historical development. This determines the relevance of the study, identifying the reasons for a dynamic development of the participle system, determining current trends in their functioning. In the course of the research methods of observation, description, functional and semantic analysis, quantitative methodology were used to assess the dynamics of functioning of future participlesin the process of historical development. As sources of language material we used Russian writers' works selected from the National Corpus of the Russian Language. On the basis of the research, it was found out that the system of participles underwent significant transformations during the period from the Old Russian language to the modern one. This is manifested in significant grammaticalization processes that led to the restructuring of the verb system and the temporal and collateral verb paradigm. It is revealed that in the modern Russian language participles remain an unstable form, which is manifested in the processes of transformation of verbal grammatical categories in participles, leading to their transition to the system of adjectives. The study of the language material allowed us to establish a wide range of gradual transitions from participles to adjectives. We analyzed the reasons for the activation of future participles in modern publicistic and artistic texts, the dynamics of their functioning from the XIX century to the present, the possibilities of participles in overcoming paradigmatic limitations in the process of functioning in the text.

Keywords

• participle
• adverbial participle
• verb
• grammatical categories
• grammaticalization
• adjectivation
• future participles
• syncretism
• paradigmatic restrictions.