Systemic and Sociocultural Factors Impeding Women’s Political Participation and Leadership Development: A Sociological Inquiry

Abstract

In pursuing a deeper understanding of the persistent underrepresentation of women in politics and leadership positions, this article adopts a sociological lens to probe the intricate network of systemic barriers and sociocultural norms that continue to impede women’s full participation in the political arena. Gender stereotypes play a critical role in shaping public perception and expectations of leaders, with prevailing biases often favoring masculine traits and devaluing the leadership capabilities of women. Equally, the disproportionate burden of family responsibilities that women frequently shoulder imposes time and energy constraints, thus limiting their capacity to engage fully in political activities and campaigns. Beyond the confines of household obligations, the political culture and infrastructure itself are often unsympathetic to women, with institutional discrimination manifesting in various forms, from gendered political party practices to the lack of supportive networks for aspiring female politicians. The study unearths the subtle yet pervasive ways in which these sociopolitical structures and cultural attitudes intertwine, creating a formidable barrier to women’s political empowerment and leadership ascension. By illuminating these interconnections, the article seeks to advance the dialogue on what specific measures and systemic changes must be undertaken to dismantle these hurdles and pave the path toward gender parity in political leadership.