Cell Reports Medicine (Sep 2024)

Acutely blocking excessive mitochondrial fission prevents chronic neurodegeneration after traumatic brain injury

  • Preethy S. Sridharan,
  • Yeojung Koh,
  • Emiko Miller,
  • Di Hu,
  • Suwarna Chakraborty,
  • Sunil Jamuna Tripathi,
  • Teresa R. Kee,
  • Kalyani Chaubey,
  • Edwin Vázquez-Rosa,
  • Sarah Barker,
  • Hui Liu,
  • Rose A. León-Alvarado,
  • Kathryn Franke,
  • Coral J. Cintrón-Pérez,
  • Matasha Dhar,
  • Min-Kyoo Shin,
  • Margaret E. Flanagan,
  • Rudolph J. Castellani,
  • Tamar Gefen,
  • Marina Bykova,
  • Lijun Dou,
  • Feixiong Cheng,
  • Brigid M. Wilson,
  • Hisashi Fujioka,
  • David E. Kang,
  • Jung-A.A. Woo,
  • Bindu D. Paul,
  • Xin Qi,
  • Andrew A. Pieper

Journal volume & issue
Vol. 5, no. 9
p. 101715

Abstract

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Summary: Progression of acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) into chronic neurodegeneration is a major health problem with no protective treatments. Here, we report that acutely elevated mitochondrial fission after TBI in mice triggers chronic neurodegeneration persisting 17 months later, equivalent to many human decades. We show that increased mitochondrial fission after mouse TBI is related to increased brain levels of mitochondrial fission 1 protein (Fis1) and that brain Fis1 is also elevated in human TBI. Pharmacologically preventing Fis1 from binding its mitochondrial partner, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), for 2 weeks after TBI normalizes the balance of mitochondrial fission/fusion and prevents chronically impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics, oxidative damage, microglial activation and lipid droplet formation, blood-brain barrier deterioration, neurodegeneration, and cognitive impairment. Delaying treatment until 8 months after TBI offers no protection. Thus, time-sensitive inhibition of acutely elevated mitochondrial fission may represent a strategy to protect human TBI patients from chronic neurodegeneration.

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