Otoneurological and neurological consequences of acute infectious ENT diseases

Abstract

Acute respiratory infections often cause temporary disability. According to the World Health Organization, adults experience acute respiratory infections approximately twice a year. The course of acute respiratory viral infections is often accompanied by the development of complications. The second most common complication of acute respiratory viral infection is acute otitis media. It is believed that by the age of three, acute otitis media is transferred once by at least 71% of children, by 7 years of age – 95%. Currently, the clinical picture of acute otitis media has been studied in detail, which allows us to speak about 5 stages of acute inflammation of the middle ear: the stage of acute eustachitis, the stage of acute catarrhal inflammation, the stage of acute purulent inflammation, the postperforative stage and the reparative stage. In Russia, the causative agents of acute otitis media are more often S. aureus, S. epidermidis, Str. pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, somewhat less often Str. pyogenes, Moraxella catarrhalis, Str. viridans, anaerobes. Treatment for acute otitis media primarily involves adequate sanitation of the nose and paranasal sinuses, the establishment of an outflow from the middle ear. According to indications, taking into account the age of the patient and the epidemiological situation, antimicrobial drugs are prescribed. Taking into account Russian data on antibiotic resistance, the drug of first choice for acute otitis media is amoxicillin, and for recurrent or severe disease, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid. When prescribing antibacterial drugs, especially oral ones, it is necessary to remember such side effects of the antibiotic as dyspeptic reactions (bloating, pain, nausea, diarrhea). The likelihood of developing side effects from the digestive tract is influenced by the rate of absorption of the drug and its residual concentration in the intestine. One way to reduce the side effects of antibacterial drugs on the human body is the use of dispersible tablets. In addition, the use of the antibiotic and the form of dispersible tablets eliminates the possibility of dosing errors. Antibacterial therapy is also carried out for moderate and severe forms of sinusitis, as well as for a mild form of recurrent course.

Keywords

• acute respiratory infections
• otitis media
• inflammation of the middle ear
• antibiotic therapy