Identification of natural and anthropogenic signals in controlled source seismic experiments

Abstract

Abstract The analysis of the background noise in seismic networks has proved to be a powerful tool not only to acquire new insights on the crustal structure, but also to monitor different natural and anthropogenic processes. We show that data acquired during controlled source experiments can also be a valuable tool to monitor such processes, in particular when using high-density deployments. Data from a wide-angle reflection and refraction seismic profile in the central-northwest part of Iberia is used to identify signals related to aircrafts, road traffic, quarry blasts, wind blow, rainfall or thunders. The most prominent observations are those generated by a helicopter and an airplane flying following trajectories subparallel to the profile, which are tracked along 200 km with a spatial resolution of 350 m, hence providing an exceptional dataset. Other highlights are the observation of the Doppler effect on signals generated by moving cars and the high-density recording of acoustic waves generated by thunders. In addition to the intrinsic interest of identifying such signals, this contribution proves that it is worth inspecting the data acquired during seismic experiments beyond the time interval including the arrival of the seismic waves generated by the controlled source.