IXPE and XMM-Newton Observations of the Soft Gamma Repeater SGR 1806–20

Abstract

Recent observations with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) of two anomalous X-ray pulsars provided evidence that X-ray emission from magnetar sources is strongly polarized. Here we report on the joint IXPE and XMM-Newton observations of the soft γ -repeater SGR 1806–20. The spectral and timing properties of SGR 1806–20 derived from XMM-Newton data are in broad agreement with previous measurements; however, we found the source at an all-time low persistent flux level. No significant polarization was measured apart from the 4–5 keV energy range, where a probable detection with PD = 31.6% ± 10.5% and $\mathrm{PA}=-17\buildrel{\circ}\over{.} {6}_{-15\buildrel{\circ}\over{.} 0}^{+15\buildrel{\circ}\over{.} 5}$ was obtained. The resulting polarization signal, together with the upper limits we derive at lower and higher energies (2–4 and 5–8 keV, respectively), is compatible with a picture in which thermal radiation from the condensed star surface is reprocessed by resonant Compton scattering in the magnetosphere, similar to what was proposed for the bright magnetar 4U 0142+61.

Keywords

• Neutron stars
• Magnetars
• Polarimetry
• X-ray sources