Grape production development in agricultural enterprises of Ukraine

Abstract

The present state of grape production development in agricultural enterprises is considered. Focused attention to the relevance of the issue under investigation and its significance in the agricultural production system. To ensure the agricultural development in today's conditions, more attention should be paid to non-traditional areas of activity and production. Although viticulture can not be called a niche industry, it has always remained traditional in Ukraine, especially for the southern regions and Transcarpathia, but at the same time, its development was not given actual attention, which led to unstable phenomena. The agricultural enterprises pay less attention to the development of viticulture and gardening than private households and other categories of producers. The main reasons of this situation can be significant investment, difficulties in the application of automated technologies, the quality of products received, the need for certification, etc. The main tendencies of development of areas under vineyards, productivity and gross collection of grapes in agricultural enterprises are determined. To ensure efficient production, agricultural enterprises need to address the issue of proper resource supply. It has been established that the area of vineyards are decreasing (even without taking into account producers of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. In addition to the size of the land area, the volume of gross production is affected by yield. Its level largely characterizes the level of intensification of the industry. For the last years, the yield is still low according to European countries, which leads to a decrease in production. Grape yield in all categories of farms has increased by 31.5% in 2012-2016. But in 2013-2016 there is different dynamics. The grape productivity is decreasing. One of the reasons for this is that viticulture is a highly capital intensive industry that requires significant investments. Since 2014, there has been a rise in prices, a depreciation of the national currency and some other negative factors that negatively affected the ability of commodity producers to effectively provide the need for funds to implement the production program. Consequently, enterprises reduced the use of productive resources, which negatively affected the yield of grapes. The yield of grape in agricultural enterprises is much lower than in all categories of farms. It fluctuated within the range of 76.6-82.6% over the investigated period (except in 2016 when the yield of grapes in agricultural enterprises amounted to only 58.7% of the national level). Reducing the size of land under vineyards in agricultural enterprises and reducing their productivity has led to a decrease in the volume of grape production. On the basis of the researches, the directions of effective development of grape production are offered. To ensure the effective development of production, it is necessary to pay more attention to the improvement of the organization of the system of sales of the ready products.The results of research state that the development of grape production in agricultural enterprises is characterized by unstable tendencies. Areas under vineyards decrease, yields vary from year to year, but even some growth does not allow to state that it is at the proper level. Il leads to a decrease in production volumes. There is clearly a decline in the interest of agricultural enterprises in this type of production activity. The main problems for solving this problem are the high capital intensity of the industry, significant amounts of initial investment for the production of grapes, obsolete production technologies, difficulties with the marketing of the resulting products. The research was carried out using a number of economic, mathematical and statistical methods. With the help of the dialectical method, the current state of development of grape production was explored and illuminated; the economic and statistical method is used to assess the dynamics of the industry's development; method of expert assessments and abstract-logical - in substantiating the main directions of ensuring the effective development of grape production in agricultural enterprises. Solving the urgent issues of the grape production development requires attention from the state authorities: the development of appropriate support and development programs, full or partial compensation for the cost of vineyards, the purchase of the necessary equipment for the care, harvesting and processing of grapes. The combination of efforts of state institutions and agricultural producers will ensure the sustainable development of viticulture in Ukraine. Keywords: development, production, grape, agricultural enterprises, competitiveness