Uniform “water” content in quartz phenocrysts from silicic pyroclastic fallout deposits – implications on pre-eruptive conditions

Abstract

Structural hydroxyl content of volcanic quartz phenocrysts was investigated with unpolarized Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The phenocrysts originated from five pyroclastic fallout deposits from the Bükk Foreland Volcanic Area (BFVA), Hungary, and two from the AD 1314 Kaharoa eruption (KH eruption), Okataina Volcanic Complex (Taupo Volcanic Zone), New Zealand. All investigated quartz populations contain structural hydroxyl content in a narrow range with an average of 9.3 (±1.7) wt ppm. The earlier correlated horizons in the BFVA had the same average structural hydroxyl content (within uncertainty). Thus, it can be concluded that the structural hydroxyl content does not depend on the geographical distance of outcrops of the same units or the temperature or type of the covering deposit. The rare outlier values and similar structural hydroxyl contents show that the fallout horizons cooled fast enough to retain their original structural hydroxyl content. The similarity of the structural hydroxyl contents may be the result of similar P, T, and x (most importantly H2O and the availability of other monovalent cations) conditions in the magmatic plumbing system just before eruption. Therefore, we envisage common physical–chemical conditions, which set the structural hydroxyl content in the quartz phenocrysts and, consequently, the water content of the host magma (∼ 5.5 wt %–7 wt % H2O) in a relatively narrow range close to water saturation.