Volatile Organic Compounds of Bryophytes from Peninsular Malaysia and Their Roles in Bryophytes
Chin Wen Koid,
Nur Fariza M. Shaipulah,
Gaik Ee Lee,
S. Robbert Gradstein,
Yoshinori Asakawa,
Yosie Andriani,
Arifullah Mohammed,
Nik Norhazrina,
Poh Wai Chia,
Muhammad Zulhimi Ramlee
Affiliations
Chin Wen Koid
Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
Nur Fariza M. Shaipulah
Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
Gaik Ee Lee
Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
S. Robbert Gradstein
Meise Botanic Garden, 1860 Meise, Belgium
Yoshinori Asakawa
Institute of Pharmacognosy, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
Yosie Andriani
Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
Arifullah Mohammed
Department of Agriculture Science, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
Nik Norhazrina
Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
Poh Wai Chia
Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
Muhammad Zulhimi Ramlee
Centre of Research and Field Service (CRaFS), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
Volatile emissions from 22 bryophyte species from Peninsular Malaysia were collected using a dynamic headspace technique and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thirty organic compounds (VOCs) from eight different groups were detected in bryophytes from the montane forest in Cameron Highlands and the lowland dipterocarp forest in Lata Belatan. The headspace of bryophytes in Cameron Highlands was dominated by tetradecane, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, decanal, pentanoic acid, 2,2,4-trimethyl-3-carboxyisopropyl, isobutyl ester, D-limonene and naphthalene. On the contrary, in the bryophyte headspace of Lata Belatan, naphthalene and tetradecane were dominant compounds. The elevational pattern detected in VOC composition of bryophytes appears to be an evolutionary feature at the family level that needs verification at other sites. The results also confirmed that the VOC composition of bryophytes is species-specific. The roles of VOCs in bryophytes are presented, including plant–plant communication and plant–insect interaction and as an additional taxonomic character in chemotaxonomy.
