Designing Novel Multi-Epitope Vaccine Construct against <i>Prevotella intermedia</i>-Interpain A: An Immunoinformatics Approach
Pradeep Kumar Yadalam,
Raghavendra Vamsi Anegundi,
Safa Munawar,
Ramya Ramadoss,
Santhiya Rengaraj,
Sindhu Ramesh,
Mohammed Aljeldah,
Basim R. Al Shammari,
Ahmad A. Alshehri,
Ameen S. S. Alwashmi,
Safaa A. Turkistani,
Abdulsalam Alawfi,
Amer Alshengeti,
Mohammed Garout,
Amal A. Sabour,
Maha A. Alshiekheid,
Fatimah S. Aljebaly,
Ali A. Rabaan
Affiliations
Pradeep Kumar Yadalam
Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
Raghavendra Vamsi Anegundi
Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
Safa Munawar
Department of Medical Education, Nawaz Sharif Medical College, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
Ramya Ramadoss
Department of Oral Pathology & Oral Biology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
Santhiya Rengaraj
Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Chennai 600077, India
Sindhu Ramesh
Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
Mohammed Aljeldah
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39831, Saudi Arabia
Basim R. Al Shammari
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39831, Saudi Arabia
Ahmad A. Alshehri
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
Ameen S. S. Alwashmi
Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
Safaa A. Turkistani
Fakeeh College for Medical Science, Jeddah 21134, Saudi Arabia
Abdulsalam Alawfi
Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah 41491, Saudi Arabia
Amer Alshengeti
Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah 41491, Saudi Arabia
Mohammed Garout
Department of Community Medicine and Health Care for Pilgrims, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
Amal A. Sabour
Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Maha A. Alshiekheid
Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Fatimah S. Aljebaly
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
Background and Objectives: Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory infectious disease marked by continuous degradation of teeth and surrounding parts. One of the most important periodontal pathogens is P. intermedia, and with its interpain A proteinase, it leads to an increase in lethal infection. Materials and Methods: The current study was designed to create a multi-epitope vaccine using an immunoinformatics method that targets the interpain A of P. intermedia. For the development of vaccines, P. intermedia peptides InpA were found appropriate. To create a multi-epitope vaccination design, interpain A, B, and T-cell epitopes were found and assessed depending on the essential variables. The vaccine construct was evaluated based on its stability, antigenicity, and allergenicity. Results: The vaccine construct reached a more significant population and was able to bind to both the binding epitopes of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I and MHC-II. Through the C3 receptor complex route, P. intermedia InpA promotes an immunological subunit. Utilizing InpA-C3 and vaccination epitopes as the receptor and ligand, the molecular docking and dynamics were performed using the ClusPro 2.0 server. Conclusion: The developed vaccine had shown good antigenicity, solubility, and stability. Molecular docking indicated the vaccine’s 3D structure interacts strongly with the complement C3. The current study describes the design for vaccine, and steady interaction with the C3 immunological receptor to induce a good memory and an adaptive immune response against Interpain A of P. intermedia.
