Effects of storage time on flavor characteristics of bran-free fermented Baijiu by using electronic sensory, descriptive sensory analysis, GC × GC–MS, and ICP-MS

Abstract

By examining and analyzing bran-free fermented Baijiu (BFB) with varying storage periods (0–20 years), it was observed that the overall concentration of volatile compounds initially increases and subsequently decreases over time. Furthermore, BFB exhibited more kinds of long chain esters, higher concentration of acetals, and reduced furfural content. The process of cellaring can enhance the aged, sweet, and fruity aroma of BFB. 16 flavor compounds, including 1,1-diethoxyethane, ethyl dodecanoate, and ethyl hexadecanoate, can be used as markers for vintage BFB, and electronic sensory technology was capable of discerning BFB in different years. The results of redundancy analysis (RDA) showed a positive correlation between metals and aldehydes, esters, and ketones, while indicating a negative correlation with acids and alcohols. Al, Fe, and Ca underwent the most significant changes during storage period, and they were positively correlated with differential substances, such as benzaldehyde, vanillin, ethyl isovalerate, and ethyl palmitate (P < 0.01).

Keywords

• Bran-free fermented Baijiu
• Sensory analysis
• Electronic sensory analysis
• Flavor characteristics
• Metal ions