Jornal de Pediatria (Jun 2007)
Envolvimento renal na púrpura de Henoch-Schönlein: uma análise multivariada de fatores prognósticos iniciais Renal involvement in Henoch-Schönlein purpura: a multivariate analysis of initial prognostic factors
Abstract
OBJETIVOS: Identificar fatores preditivos iniciais de envolvimento renal nas crianças e adolescentes com púrpura de Henoch-Schönlein. MÉTODOS: Por um período de 21 anos, os prontuários de 142 pacientes com diagnóstico de púrpura de Henoch-Schönlein admitidos em nosso Hospital Universitário foram revistos. Os fatores preditivos iniciais avaliados nos primeiros 3 meses incluíram: dados demográficos, manifestações clínicas (púrpura palpável persistente, artrite, dor abdominal, dor abdominal intensa, sangramento gastrointestinal, orquite, envolvimento do sistema nervoso central e hemorragia pulmonar), exames laboratoriais (níveis séricos de IgA) e tratamento utilizado (corticosteróides, imunoglobulina endovenosa e medicação imunossupressora). Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos (com presença ou ausência de nefrite) e avaliados de acordo com a análise univariada e multivariada. RESULTADOS: Nefrite foi evidenciada em 70 pacientes (49,3%). A análise univariada revelou que dor abdominal intensa (p = 0,0049; OR = 1,6; IC95% 1,18-2,21), sangramento gastrointestinal (p = 0,004; OR = 1,6; IC95% 1,10-2,26) e uso dos corticosteróides (p = 0,0012; OR = 1,7; IC95% 1,28-2,40) foram associados com uma maior incidência de envolvimento renal. Na análise multivariada, a regressão logística mostrou que a única variável independente na predição da ocorrência de nefrite foi dor abdominal intensa (p OBJECTIVES: To identify initial predictive factors of renal involvement in children and adolescents with Henoch-Schönlein purpura. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 142 patients admitted to our University Hospital over a 21-year period with a diagnosis of Henoch-Schönlein purpura. The initial predictive factors assessed, observed during the first 3 months, included: demographic data, clinical manifestations (persistent palpable purpura, arthritis, abdominal pain, severe abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, orchitis, central nervous system involvement and pulmonary hemorrhage), laboratory tests (serum IgA levels) and treatment given (corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin and immunosuppressive drugs). Patients were divided into two groups (presence or absence of nephritis) and assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Evidence of nephritis was detected in 70 patients (49.3%). The univariate analysis revealed that severe abdominal pain (p = 0.0049; OR = 1.6; 95%CI 1.18-2.21), gastrointestinal bleeding (p = 0.004; OR = 1.6; 95%CI 1.10-2.26) and corticosteroid use (p = 0.0012; OR = 1.7; 95%CI 1.28-2.40) were all associated with increased incidence of renal involvement. In the multivariate analysis, logistic regression demonstrated that the only independent variable that predicted nephritis was intense abdominal pain (p < 0.012; OR = 2.593; 95%CI 1.234-5.452). CONCLUSIONS: Severe abdominal pain was a significant predictor of nephritis in Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Consequently, pediatric patients exhibiting this clinical manifestation should be rigorously monitored, due to the increased risk of renal involvement.
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