Current issues in diagnosis and selection of effective antibacterial therapy for acute bronchitis and community-acquired pneumonia in children

Abstract

Background. The most common forms of lower respiratory tract infections in a doctor's practice are acute bronchitis and Community-acquired pneumonia. The doctor has to decide on the management tactics of such patients, taking into account the clinical picture and examination results. Community-acquired pneumonia is a common and potentially life-threatening respiratory disease. The severity of the problem is that during periods of influenza epidemics or other respiratory viral infections Streptococcus pneumoniae is also activated, which leads to an increase in the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia. In recent years, the etiology of pneumonia has expanded significantly, and among the causes of community-acquired pneumonia, in addition to bacteria, pneumotropic viruses (new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, MERS, influenza A viruses, including pandemic H1N1, avian influenza, bocaviruses) began to occupy an important place, metapneumoviruses, etc.). The association of viruses and bacteria aggravates the course of the disease. Approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of bronchitis and community-acquired pneumonia are considered. Therapeutic measures for patients with acute bronchitis include early initiation of therapy. Antibacterial therapy for acute bronchitis is prescribed for proven bacterial origin of the disease, hyperthermia for more than 3 days, severe symptoms of intoxication, etc. The generally accepted method of etiological deciphering of pneumonia is a microbiological examination of sputum, as well as a blood test for bacteremia. The bacterioscopy method occupies an intermediate place; Gram staining of sputum allows the doctor to guide the choice of empirical antibacterial therapy. In recent years, the polymerase chain reaction method and the study of pneumococcal antigen in urine have been used; Polysaccharide C of pneumococcus is determined immunochromatographically. The criterion for the quality of care for patients with pneumonia is the initiation of initial therapy with antibacterial drugs.Results. The article evaluates the clinical effectiveness of treatment including amoxicillin was assessed; the results allow us to recommend amoxicillin for use in outpatient practice.

Keywords

• amoxicillin
• clavulanic acid
• antibacterial therapy
• bronchopulmonary
• vaccinal prevention
• community-acquired pneumonia
• diagnostics
• infection
• acute bronchitis
• dispersible tablets
• therapy