A case of a drug reaction to sulfasalazine in a patient infected with HIV

Abstract

Introduction: The diagnosis of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients on multiple drugs with concomitant disorders presents a diagnostic challenge. Patient presentation: We describe a case of a drug reaction to sulfasalazine in a 46 year old HIV-infected female with concurrent rheumatoid arthritis which presented atypically with a marked peripheral blood plasmacytosis mimicking a lymphoproliferative neoplasm. Management and outcome: A diagnosis of DRESS was made in conjunction with the laboratory and clinical presenting findings. Sulfasalazine was immediately discontinued. The mucocutaneous rash and systemic symptoms (which included fever, lymphadenopathy and multi-organ dysfunction) resolved with supportive treatment. This included topical and systemic corticosteroids. Conclusion: In conclusion, it is important to consider drug reactions when evaluating patients infected with HIV.

Keywords

• drug reaction
• sulfasalazine
• DRESS syndrome
• polyclonal plasmacytosis