Finite immune imprinting on neutralizing antibody responses to Omicron subvariants by repeated vaccinations

Xue-Dong Song; Guo-Jian Yang; Chao Shi; Xiao-Lin Jiang; Xue-Jun Wang; Yu-Wei Zhang; Jie Wu; Lian-Xiang Zhao; Ming-Ming Wang; Rui-Rui Chen; Xue-Juan He; Er-Hei Dai; Yuan Shen; Hui-Xia Gao; Gang Dong; Mai-Juan Ma

International Journal of Infectious Diseases (Oct 2024)

Finite immune imprinting on neutralizing antibody responses to Omicron subvariants by repeated vaccinations

Xue-Dong Song,
Guo-Jian Yang,
Chao Shi,
Xiao-Lin Jiang,
Xue-Jun Wang,
Yu-Wei Zhang,
Jie Wu,
Lian-Xiang Zhao,
Ming-Ming Wang,
Rui-Rui Chen,
Xue-Juan He,
Er-Hei Dai,
Yuan Shen,
Hui-Xia Gao,
Gang Dong,
Mai-Juan Ma

Affiliations

Xue-Dong Song: State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Handan Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Handan, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
Guo-Jian Yang: Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosafety in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
Chao Shi: Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, China
Xiao-Lin Jiang: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
Xue-Jun Wang: State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
Yu-Wei Zhang: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
Jie Wu: Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Binzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Binzhou, China
Lian-Xiang Zhao: School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
Ming-Ming Wang: State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
Rui-Rui Chen: State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
Xue-Juan He: State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
Er-Hei Dai: Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
Yuan Shen: Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, China
Hui-Xia Gao: Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
Gang Dong: State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
Mai-Juan Ma: State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosafety in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Corresponding author: Mai-Juan Ma, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, No. 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China.

Journal volume & issue: Vol. 147
p. 107198

Abstract

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Objective: To investigate the effects of repeated vaccination with ancestral SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-hu-1)-based inactivated, recombinant protein subunit or vector-based vaccines on the neutralizing antibody response to Omicron subvariants. Methods: Individuals who received four-dose vaccinations with the Wuhan-hu-1 strain, individuals who were infected with the BA.5 variant alone without prior vaccination, and individuals who experienced a BA.5 breakthrough infection (BTI) following receiving 2-4 doses of the Wuhan-hu-1 vaccine were enrolled. Neutralizing antibodies against D614G, BA.5, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86 were detected using a pseudovirus-based neutralization assay. Antigenic cartography was used to analyze cross-reactivity patterns among D614G, BA.5, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86 and sera from individuals. Results: The highest neutralizing antibody titers against D614G were observed in individuals who only received four-dose vaccination and those who experienced BA.5 BTI, which was also significantly higher than the antibody titers against XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86. In contrast, only BA.5 infection elicited comparable neutralizing antibody titers against the tested variants. While neutralizing antibody titers against D614G or BA.5 were similar across the cohorts, the neutralizing capacity of antibodies against XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86 was significantly reduced. BA.5 BTI following heterologous booster induced significantly higher neutralizing antibody titers against the variants, particularly against XBB.1.5 and EG.5.1, than uninfected vaccinated individuals, only BA.5 infected individuals, or those with BA.5 BTI after primary vaccination. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that repeated vaccination with the Wuhan-hu-1 strain imprinted a neutralizing antibody response toward the Wuhan-hu-1 strain with limited effects on the antibody response to the Omicron subvariants.

Published in International Journal of Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1201-9712 (Print); 1878-3511 (Online)
Publisher: Elsevier
Country of publisher: Netherlands
LCC subjects: Medicine: Internal medicine: Infectious and parasitic diseases
Website: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/international-journal-of-infectious-diseases/

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